Types of Slavery in Africa and the World Today

Whether slavery existed within sub-Saharan African societies before the arrival of Europeans is a hotly contested point between Afrocentric and Eurocentric academics. What is certain is that Africans, like other people throughout the world, have been subjected to several forms of slavery over the centuries, including chattel slavery under both the Muslims with the trans-Saharan slave trade and Europeans through the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Even after the abolition of the slave trade in Africa, colonial powers continued to use forced labor, such as in King Leopolds Congo Free State (which was operated as a massive labor camp) or as libertos on the Portuguese plantations of Cape Verde or Sao Tome. Major Types of Slavery It can be argued that all of the following qualify as slavery—the United Nations deems slavery to be the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised and slave as a person in such condition or status. Slavery existed long before European imperialism, but the scholarly emphasis on the African transatlantic slave trade led to a neglect of contemporary forms of slavery until the 21st century. Chattel Slavery Chattel slavery is the most familiar type of slavery, although they make up a comparatively small proportion of slaves in the world today. It involves the complete ownership of one human being by another, whether captured, born, or sold into permanent servitude; their children are normally also treated as property. Chattel slaves are considered property and are traded as such. They have no rights, are expected to perform labor (and sexual favors) at the command of a slave master. This is the form of slavery which was carried out in the Americas as a result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. There are reports that chattel slavery still exists in Islamic North Africa, in such countries as Mauritania and Sudan (despite both countries being participants in the 1956 UN slavery convention). One example is that of Francis Bok, who was taken into bondage during a raid on his village in southern Sudan in 1986 at the age of seven and spent ten years as a chattel slave in the north of Sudan before escaping. The Sudanese government denies the continued existence of slavery in its country. Debt Bondage The most common form of slavery in the world today is debt bondage, known as bonded labor, or peonage, a type of enslavement resulting from a debt owed to a moneylender, usually in the form of forced agricultural labor: in essence, people as used collateral against their debts. Labor is provided by the person who owes the debt, or a relative (typically a child): the borrowers labor pays off the interest on the loan, but not the original debt itself. It is unusual for a bonded laborer to ever escape their indebtedness since further costs would accrue during the period of bondage (food, clothing, shelter), and it is not unknown for the debt to be inherited across several generations. Faulty accounting and huge interest rates, sometimes as much as 60 or 100 percent, are used in extreme cases. In the Americas, peonage was extended to include criminal peonage, where prisoners sentenced to hard labor were farmed out to private or governmental groups. Africa has its own unique version of debt bondage called pawnship. Afrocentric academics claim that this was a much milder form of debt bondage compared to that experienced elsewhere since it would occur on a family or community basis where social ties existed between debtor and creditor. Forced Labor or Contract Slavery Contract slavery is defined as that created when the slaveholder guarantees employment, luring job seekers to remote locations. Once a worker arrives at the place of promised employment, he or she is violently coerced into labor without pay. Otherwise known as unfree labor, forced labor, as the name implies, is based on the threat of violence against the laborer (or his or her family). Laborers contracted for a specific period would find themselves unable to escape enforced servitude, and the contracts are then used to mask the slavery as a legitimate work arrangement. This was used to an overwhelming extent in King Leopolds Congo Free State and on Portuguese plantations of Cape Verde and Sao Tome. Minor Types Several less common types of slavery are found throughout the world and account for a small number of the total number of slaves. Most of these types tend to be restricted to specific geographic locations. State Slavery or War Slavery State slavery is that which is government-sponsored, where the state and army captures and forces its own citizens to work, often as laborers or bearers in military campaigns against indigenous populations or for government construction projects. State slavery is practiced in Myanmar and North Korea. Religious Slavery Religious slavery is when religious institutions are used to maintain slavery, One common scenario is when young girls are given to local priests to atone for the sins of their family members, which is thought to appease the gods for the crimes committed by relatives. IPoor families will in effect sacrifice a daughter by having her marry a priest or a god, and end up often working as a prostitute. Domestic Servitude This type of slavery is when women and children are forced to serve as domestic workers in a household, held at force, isolated from the outside world and never allowed outside. Serfdom A term usually restricted to medieval Europe, serfdom is when a tenant farmer is bound to a section of land and was thus under the control of a landlord. The serf can feed themselves by working on their lords land  but is liable for the provision of other services, such as working on other sections of land or military service. A serf was tied to the land, and could not leave without his lords permission; they often required permission to marry, to sell goods, or to change their occupation. Any legal redress lay with the lord. Although this is considered a European condition, the circumstances of servitude are not unlike those experienced under several African kingdoms, such as that of the Zulu in the early nineteenth century. Slavery Around the World The number of people who today are enslaved to a degree depends on how one defines the term. There are at least 27 million people in the world who are permanently or temporarily under the complete control of some other person, business or state, who maintains that control by violence or the threat of violence. They live in nearly every country in the world, although the majority are believed to be concentrated in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Slavery is also endemic in southeast Asia, Northern and Western Africa, and South America; and there are pockets in the United States, Japan, and many European countries. Sources Androff, David K. The Problem of Contemporary Slavery: An International Human Rights Challenge for Social Work. International Social Work 54.2 (2011): 209–22. Print.Bales, Kevin. Expendable People: Slavery in the Age of Globalization. Journal of International Affairs 53.2 (2000): 461–84. Print.Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, as adopted by a Conference of Plenipotentiaries convened by Economic and Social Council resolution 608(XXI) of 30 April 1956 and done at Geneva on 7 September 1956.

Writing Project II In Modern Society - 1269 Words

W. Garrett Dubocq Kristian Einstman ENG 101 23 October 2015 Writing Project II: Transgenders in Modern Society What is a sex? What is gender? According to Merriam-Webster the word sex means, â€Å"either of the two major forms of individuals that occur in many species and that are distinguished respectively as female or male especially on the basis of their reproductive organs and structures† and gender means, â€Å"an inflection form showing membership in such a subclass†. Basically, an individual’s sex is determined at birth, but is interchangeable depending on the gender those individuals desire. The problem that comes with classifying one’ â€Å"sex† is that in current time’s operations and some medical conditions separate individuals from either group of male and/or female due to a mixture of organs. Now here comes into play†¦the word transgender, which was developed for such mixtures and according to Merriam-Webster it means, â€Å"Of, relating to, or being a person who identifies with or expresses a gender identity that differs from the one which corresponds to the person’s sex at birth†. The majority of the populous enjoys being in their own personal bubble and anything abnormal attempting to alter the normal characteristics and beliefs of that bubble are cast out into the oblivion. Basically, many new ideals being formed in modern society affect many beliefs in cultures and the overall thought process of many persons. In this case, gender roles that have existed for thousandsShow MoreRelatedThe Movement Of Protest Movement Essay1 183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Movement of Protest 1) â€Å"It was a decade of extremes, of transformational change and bizarre contrasts: flower children and assassins, idealism and alienation, rebellion and backlash. 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Enforing schools to all have a school uniform Free Essays

When you think of your typical pupil, what are they dressed in? Some people would state in denims and in a jumper, but the right reply would be in a school uniform! For many old ages now we school uniforms have been the symbol for smart, focused, and hardworking pupils. We are besides really stylish ; I personally make my pupil expression astonishing and mature with my chevrons and colorss. So I ask you, Ontario Ministry of Education, why are we non used in all of your schools? Some would reason that school uniforms limit a pupil from showing themselves, but there are many other ways to show yourself, non merely in your apparels ( â€Å" Do you believe in School uniforms? â€Å" , par. We will write a custom essay sample on Enforing schools to all have a school uniform or any similar topic only for you Order Now 9 ) . We are non harmful, but in fact are good to both the pupils and the schools and therefore should be used in all of your schools. We ‘re helpful in many ways, but most significantly because we teach pupils subject and focal point, we help schools place interlopers from pupils, and we eliminate a major beginning of intimidation ; vesture. Enforcing a rigorous frock codification may look harsh to some, but it teaches pupils to train themselves and to concentrate more. You may non believe it, but school uniforms do assistance in a pupil ‘s focal point. Research at a school with uniforms found that â€Å" 44 % of parents have found that their childs are more focussed in school after have oning uniforms † ( Lalwani, â€Å" School Uniforms: Facts on School Uniforms † , par. 3 ) . With about half the pupils more focussed than earlier, it is clear that my brothers and sisters at that place improved their concentration to the point where even the parents noticed. Some would oppugn how precisely we could assist pupils concentrate. Well, maintaining that in head, research besides found that the pupils were more focussed â€Å" because they are non obsessed with the manner they look in comparing to others † ( Lalwani, â€Å" School Uniforms: Facts on School Uniforms † , par. 4 ) . Everyone is se lf-aware of how they look, worrying about if they are have oning the right apparels or the best trade names ( â€Å" Do you believe in School uniforms? â€Å" , par. 5 ) . This changeless badgering distracts pupils from their surveies. If schools were to utilize my friends and household, so pupils would n’t blow clip worrying over their apparels. Aside from the immediate benefits, implementing this rigorous frock codification besides helps the pupils ‘ hereafter as good. Learning to be punctual with a rigorous frock codification such as a uniform is a life accomplishment that the pupils will larn while in school if we are used. Alternatively of larning this accomplishment while working at a occupation where you can acquire fired, the pupils will already be ready. As you can see, one of our many occupations is to better a pupil ‘s academic life and besides to assist schools catch intruders. Probably one of the most of import benefits of utilizing us, from a school ‘s position, would be that anyone who is non a pupil would be easy identified. In schools without a uniform, it is about impossible to pick a intruder out from a crowd of pupils merely by looking at them because there is nil seeable that separates pupils from interlopers. I can remember many occasions where this pupil walked into another school to see his friends, and the instructors were non even cognizant he was intruding. Schools can truly merely be certain who goes to the school or non by looking at the pupil cards, but it takes excessively much clip to inquire each pupil to demo their cards. We are the solution to this job because we â€Å" could assist school decision makers identify non-students intruders, and other visitants in the hallway who stand out in the crowd † ( â€Å" School Uniforms, Dress Codes, A ; Book Bags † , par. 3 ) . It is rather obvious who the intruder is in a c rowd if everyone except one is have oning a school uniform. If you still are non positive, I know of one clip where an interloper was identified in a school with uniforms. My close friend was being worn by his pupil one twenty-four hours when a individual walked into the school without a uniform. The pupil rapidly informed a instructor and the instructor approached the adult male and told him to go forth. Since the interloper stood out, he was identified every bit shortly as he walked in. Clearly uniforms aid schools with the issue of intruders, and besides with the issue of strong-arming. It is a known fact that childs get bullied in school. However there is one manner to cut down the sum of intimidation and struggles and that is to utilize school uniforms. Research at California ‘s Long Beach Unified school proved the relationship between uniforms and struggles at school because they had a lessening in offenses, suspensions and sex offenses by at least 90 % after raising the unvarying frock codification ( Lalwani, â€Å" School Uniforms: Facts on School Uniforms † , par. 2 ) . Once the school started to utilize uniforms, non merely was at that place less intimidation, but besides less offenses in general. The ground for this is that â€Å" childs are non picked on due to the sort of apparels they wear † ( Lalwani, â€Å" School Uniforms: Facts on School Uniforms † , par. 4 ) . Obviously no 1 would pick on person because of their apparels if they are besides have oning the same apparels. Basically what we are making is uniting the pupils ( à ¢â‚¬Å" Do you believe in School uniforms? â€Å" , par. 1 ) . Even if two pupils have ne’er met before, they will experience little more familiar with each other because they ‘re have oning the same apparels, stand foring the same school. Wearing my sort â€Å" instills a sense of uniformity and the feeling of being oneaˆÂ ¦ † ( Lalwani, â€Å" School Uniforms: Facts on School Uniforms † , par. 4 ) . With this integrity, pupils can look past the visual aspects and societal positions and merely be friendly with each other. It is easy to separate the societal positions based on apparels, giving the wealthier people with nicer apparels a ground to bully the non so affluent people. â€Å" When I was in high school, my household was hapless. I had three braces of bloomerss to have on at school, one brace of places and possibly 4-5 shirts. My friends and non-friends noticed. Many said things they thought I could non hear † ( â€Å" Do you believe i n School uniforms? â€Å" , par. 11 ) . This individual that came from a hapless household did non hold a batch of apparels so he was bullied because everyone noticed. Had the school used uniforms, no 1 would hold noticed. Thankss to uniforms, intimidation has been reduced in many schools ; nevertheless we can merely assist the schools that are willing to make out and take our manus. It is clear now that we, school uniforms, are good to pupils and the schools. It has been proven that pupils are more focussed in school, schools are safer in general, and intimidation is reduced by a batch. Some schools have realized merely how utile we are. However we wish to assist as many schools as we can. We merely exist to function the pupils and the schools. With this many benefits, non merely should some schools have uniforms, but all schools in Ontario should hold uniforms. It is up to you to take the first measure towards a better educational system and towards the redress for most school issues ; school uniforms. How to cite Enforing schools to all have a school uniform, Essay examples

Corporate management and communication

Question: Discuss about the Corporate management and communication. Answer: Introduction The report discusses about the Bega Cheese Ltd., one of the biggest Dairy operator in Australia equipped with 23 varieties of product lines along with various production units in the areas of New South Wales (Bega Cheese, 2017). The corporate management of Bega Cheese is an area of focus for this report. The detailed analysis on the background of the company, the external environmental factors and the organizational structure are discussed in this report (Bega Cheese, 2017). The research focuses on the corporate reputation and the stakeholders relationship management of Bega Cheese to understand the reputation of the company in the Australian Diary Industry. Company background Bega Cheese is more than 100 years old public listed company and owned by their stakeholders. The company manufactures natural cheddar cheese and produces various flavored and textured cheese packs for the supermarket (Bega Cheese, 2017). Along with that, Bega produces milk powders and bio-nutrient products and supply cheese to few companies who manufactures products containing cheese. Bega has an advance department for RnD and they invest a big amount of their profit for this purpose. The company assures their customers about the quality of the products and the strategy helps to maintain reputation among the stakeholders and in the Australian Dairy Market (Farm Services, 2017). Factors Influencing Bega Cheese The company focuses on the various flavored and textured Cheese production to penetrate in the Dairy market of Australia. There are few factors which are influencing the performance of the company such as Positive Effect Negative Effect Strong sales and distribution network in Australia Efficient quality control schemes Skilled workforce in the factory High demand in the Australian Market for the products of the company Variety of product lines and more innovations Strategic pricing for the products Advanced Technology for Water recycling process in the factory sites The company has enough potential both internal and external to increase the growth rate in Australian Dairy market. Scattered factory set up Environmental problems like shifting climates Increasing price of milk and other raw materials Threat of competitors in the market Less scope in factory connectivity, Various challenges in production set up due to climate Price of raw material can effect on the cost of production and hence in the pricing strategy for the end-user products Organizational Structure The Bega Cheese operates their entire business through their dairy farm, the factory units and the corporate office. The organization has these three main division. However, the company has an organizational hierarchy. The company use to hire fresh graduate for their factory set up along with their corporate business and eventually trains them to build required skills in them. Bega Cheese always maintains their mentoring program to enable their employees for the success path. The objective of the organization is to motivate people for the perceived goals. Along with that, the company has an RnD set up by which Bega focuses on advancement in technological bases for the factory along with farming divisions. Stakeholders theory The study of organizational management includes the theory of stakeholders. It addresses the morals and business ethics to manage an organization (Harrison Wicks, 2013). The author Ian Mitroff first introduced this theory in the year 1983. The study focuses on the principle of counting the desired groups for the business management (Harrison, Freeman de Abreu, 2015). The book Strategic Management: A stakeholders approach by Edward Freeman suggests that the managers are not only answerable to the shareholders, they should value the stakeholders in the business (Hrisch, Freeman Schaltegger, 2014). According to the author, the stakeholders directory consists of various communities, target customers, the employees of the organization, the suppliers, trade unions and associations, political parties and the most important, the financiers. The author says, every business should create value for their stakeholders and maintain a good relationship with them to establish a better identity in the society and market (Harrison, Freeman de Abreu, 2015). In traditional view, the shareholders or stockholders are the owner of the firm and the firm is financially bound to provide valuation towards them (Hrisch, Freeman Schaltegger, 2014). However, stakeholders theory contends, the people considered as stakeholders including the government body, customers and employees and sometimes the industry rivals can equally affect the entire business process. The organizational management require to establish the concept of evaluation of strategic concepts regarding the stakeholders relationship management. The business ethics and morals addresses for the valuation of the stakeholders by all the business personnel. There are several model and frameworks to support the theory of Edward Freeman in his discussion of Stakeholders along with corporate governance (Hrisch, Freeman Schaltegger, 2014). Corporate reputation The corporate reputation is soft conception which needs to be handled by the organization sincerely. The concept is nothing but overall estimation about an organization held by the stakeholders of the company. A companys reputation depends on their presence over the mind of the target people of the business such as the customers (Wst Kreutzer, 2013). The reputation of a company get measured by the perception about a company to its target customers. The perception influences the growth path of the company and hence organizational accomplishments. Stakeholders of Bega Cheese Bega Cheese has applied the theory of stakeholders in their business and the company has acquired a high reputation in the Australian Dairy Market. The company runs a major business with extensive employees base (Corporate Governance, 2017). The company manages various Corporate Social Responsibilities for the local supporter and partners communities of Bega Valley NSW along with the regional Victoria. Apart from that, the company operates various media management strategies to express their growth and future business goals among their target customers base (Corporate Governance, 2017). The company enforces strategic management to please the local, national and the international media along with the customers and suppliers, distributors with the up to date information regarding business process of Bega Cheese Ltd. (Source: Created by author) There are various cheese companies in Australia who has grabbed reputation among the cheese lovers and competing an industrial battle with Bega Cheese, they are Montefiore Cheese Thats Amore Cheese La Vera Fine Cheese Unicorn Cheese Lion Dairys Cheese and many more. The Bega has played the role of the market leader from last century and it has built a very good reputation among their customers and it always keeps good relation with the media and trade unions (Business Review, 2017). Corporate Reputation Theory Corporate reputation is a valuable asset for an organization. In present day, the successful organizations considers the corporate reputation as their essential asset in their business. The corporate reputation of a firm lies with many branches of business operations such as Branding, Marketing, Social Media management and lastly the mass media management (Carroll, 2015). The concept of branding is related with establishing a crafted perception in the mind of the target customers. Along with that, branding means to build a unique image of the company and the product in the market through which the products can be distinguished among other similar products (Carroll, 2015). The Marketing concept relates with the management of the target customers along with the overall positioning of the company. The Social Media management means establishing an identity and communication with the supporters and the target customers over the social media or virtual platforms (Dijkmans, Kerkhof Beukebo om, 2015). The mass media management lies with the relationship building with the press and similar platforms. Company behavior and activities The company Bega Cheese always recognizes its stakeholders to maintain its corporate reputation in the market. The firm informs all the stakeholders in detailed manner about the major developments which affects the Bega Cheese. Along with that, the company maintains good relationship with all the investors to bring good image of the company in the market (Media, 2017). The company publishes on their website, the half yearly and yearly results statements and various notices and the general information about the company. Along with that, Bega Cheese maintain their presence over the social media like Twitter, Facebook and many more. In the official Facebook page, the company has maintained the growth in fan following along with the 2125 involvements in their daily posts. From the official site of Bega Cheese it can be identified that, more than expected people is following their page and regular updates, which means their target customers are taking interest in their products along with the company (Facebook, 2017). In the Twitter page, they are also regularly tweets about their activities and products and this influence their positioning and brand image in the market (Twitter, 2017). The company is participating in the battle of building brand image in the place of mass media. The company use to give various TV ads to generate more awareness about their product and the get more customers. The TV ads of Bega Cheese focuses on the quality of the raw materials they collects, the farmers with whom they are running their business and few of the real customers who reviews about their product in broader way (Media, 2017). The main focus in these TV ads is the yum factor and the creative textures of the cheese Bega made. Interpretation of Corporate reputation There are various factors influencing the corporate reputation of the company. The marketing strategies applied by Bega Cheese influences the presence over the Dairy market in Australia. The company has implied various marketing tools to acquire more customers, such as discounts and promotions on the products (Media, 2017). The company has introduced various push and pull promotion strategies to get more distributors for their products in the supermarkets of New South Wales and few areas of Victoria. The sales and distribution network of the company also effects their corporate reputation in the market and in front of their target customers. The company believes that, their major force are in the manufacturing process as they maintain the quality of the products with advanced technological tools. Along with that, the company has implemented various technological advancements in the fields of new and attractive product development and also adding more health benefits to their products (Sustainability, 2017). This production strategy also helps in building trust among the customers along with other stakeholders and influence the image of the company as a trustable loyal and honest organization in Australia. The presence over the social media also influence the corporate reputation of the company. Bega Cheese also considers their future employees as their stakeholders. For this purpose, they have made presence over the social media job sites like LinkedIn and naukri.com (LinkedIn, 2017). In these job sites they regularly updates about their company, the work life of the employees in the company and the opportunities for the new comers and future goals of the organization. This strategy makes the company serve the society with better employment and also makes the target customers about their presence over social media (LinkedIn, 2017). The press releases by the company over their websites about their future amenities, events and new product development makes the target customers get engaged with the company (Media, 2017). This strategy is implied to increase the awareness and get competitive advantage in the Australian Dairy market. Along with that, the company also focuses on the packaging and labeling of their product. The company carries a unique logo for all the products along with colorful packaging which can be easily notified by the target customers (Products, 2017). The marketing management, packaging is considered as necessary strategy to get identified among other various similar product. Bega Cheese follow this theory and strategically apply to get better identification in the cheese market of Australia (Products, 2017). Conclusion The report has gone through various analysis for understanding the corporate profile of the Bega Cheese in Australia. The researcher has understood that, the Bega Cheese is one of the biggest market player in Australian Dairy Industry and the company has achieves the success through various strategic decisions about their products. The company has also focused on their media management strategies and successfully maintaining good relationship with all their shareholders along with the stakeholders. The company puts effort to understand the taste and preferences of their target customers by maintaining their official pages over the social media. The report concludes that, Bega Cheese is a potential corporate business which is on the right track to achieve its organizational objectives. References: Bega Cheese. (2017). Begacheese.com.au. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.begacheese.com.au/ Business Review. (2017). Businessreviewaustralia.com. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/Bega-Cheese-Ltd/profiles/14/Bega-Cheese-Tastes-Victory Carroll, C. E. (2015). The handbook of communication and corporate reputation (Vol. 49). John Wiley Sons. Corporate Governance. (2017). Begacheese.com.au. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.begacheese.com.au/investors/corporate-governance/ Dijkmans, C., Kerkhof, P., Beukeboom, C. J. (2015). A stage to engage: Social media use and corporate reputation. Tourism Management, 47, 58-67. Facebook. (2017). Facebook.com. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.facebook.com/Bega-Cheese-377907365727800/?nr Farm Services. (2017). Begacheese.com.au. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.begacheese.com.au/farm-services/ Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C. (2013). Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance. Business ethics quarterly, 23(01), 97-124. Harrison, J. S., Freeman, R. E., de Abreu, M. C. S. (2015). Stakeholder Theory As an Ethical Approach to Effective Management: applying the theory to multiple contexts. Revista Brasileira de Gesto de Negcios, 17(55), 858. Hrisch, J., Freeman, R. E., Schaltegger, S. (2014). Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management: Links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework. Organization Environment, 27(4), 328-346. LinkedIn. (2017). Linkedin.com. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/1143000/?pathWildcard=1143000 Media. (2017). Begacheese.com.au. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.begacheese.com.au/media/ Products. (2017). Begacheese.com.au. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.begacheese.com.au/products/ Sustainability. (2017). Begacheese.com.au. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://www.begacheese.com.au/sustainability/ Twitter. (2017). Twitter.com. Retrieved 7 April 2017, from https://twitter.com/hashtag/begacheese Wst, C., Kreutzer, R. (2013). Corporate Reputation Management. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Dialogkommunikation im digitalen Zeitalter, 47, 50-51.

Modernism Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night Essay Example

Modernism: Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night Essay During the late 19th and early 20th century, the Modernist movement questioned the social, ideological and hierarchical paradigms of society. This movement is centred, as described by Marshall Berman, around the primary condition of constant change. Such as the aftermath of the war, new technologies, the rise of unions, feminism and the self-made man. This theory of the condition of Modernism is explored through Virginia Woolfs novel, Mrs Dalloway, and Rhapsody on a Windy Night by T. S Eliot. Within these texts, the reader is positioned to question the consequences of the rigid class system when faced with an evolving world, where social pleasantries come at the expense of emotional wellbeing and, the individual’s awareness of constant change in terms of the passing of time and the implications of understanding one’s own mortality. Woolf’s novel Mrs Dalloway considers the determents of strict social systems within society. A. D. Moody describes in, Virginia Woolf, the impulse of the upper class to turn away from the disturbing depths of feeling, and towards a conventional pleasantness. Woolf satirically idealises Lady Bexborough who â€Å"opened a bazaar, they said, with the telegram in her hand, John, her favourite, killed. This repression of emotion, is inbuilt into upper class culture, is questioned as it faces a changing world which presents new situations which rely on emotional connection. Septimus, as a result of his upbringing, values his re action to Evens death, congratulat[ing] himself upon feeling very little and very reasonably. The reader is then positioned, through a repetition of desperation, to sympathise and recognise the detriments to Septimus mental health as a result of this emotional disconnection. Sir William Bradshaw embodies this hierarchical expectation, specifically within the medical arena, of a distance from emotional attachment. His treatment of Septimus is no different from the treatment of any other patient, Proportion, divine proportion, Sir Williams goddess. Woolfs lexical choice in divine and goddess, focuses on the holy connotations. We will write a custom essay sample on Modernism: Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Modernism: Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Modernism: Mrs. Dalloway and Rhapsody on a Windy Night specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The divine process comes at the expense of Septimus and Rezias emotional welfare and relationship. The social norms of hierarchical systemsare unable to deal with the changing context of the war, and prevent human connection. Deterioration of relationships is explored further through Clarissa and Richards interactions. Richard, despite being very much in love, is unable to communicate his attachment to Clarissa, Partly ones lazy; partly ones shy. As Richard contemplates the state of his society, he comments that the fault wasnt in them ut in our detestable social system. His social commentary on prostitutes mirrors the reader’s reaction to Richard. We are positioned to neither dislike nor blame him for his inability to express his love, but to blame the social system in which he has been indoctrinated. The culture of hierarchical systems which prevents human connectedness leaves individuals isolated and questioning traditional normalities. This Modernist questioning is funda mentally brought about by the fragmentation and disillusionment of society, which cannot unite when facing a world of constant change. In the same way that class hierarchies are a repressive force in Mrs Dalloway, T. S. Eliot explores urbanisation as the cause of the repression of natural instinct and. As the changing world presents a faster paced urban lifestyle, one struggles to maintain stability. Rhapsody on a Windy Night describes the cat which feeds on rancid butter and the lonely moon with smallpox cracks. Natural imagery is distorted into a negative light though the diseased connotations of rancid and smallpox. The romanticised idea of a moonlit stroll is at juxtaposition with the dominant images of skeletons and sunless geraniums. Urban sprawl, like the clasp of the social system, cannot cope with the rate of change In response to encountering nocturnal smells, the speaker says cross and cross, as the scents bring back different recollections. However this term also implies a religious sacrifice or burden, as the reach of urbanisation comes at the cost of the speaker’s contentment. This destabilisa tion of the speaker’s psyche is a Modernist concern which stems from societies inability to deal with â€Å"constant change. † Modernism is explored through Woolfs writing, as a condition brought about by the awareness of changing time and mortality. Virginia Woolf, as a member of the Bloomsbury Group had access to a variety of philosophers works, including that of Sigmund Freud. His concept of Thanatos considers all organic life to contain an urge to restore an earlier state of things. Otherwise known as a death instinct, it drives people towards death in order to return to a sense of peace. The influence of this theory is ingrained into Mrs Dalloway. The passage of time towards death is mapped incessantly by Big Ben. The sound that flood[s] her room consumes everything; life is at the mercy of time. Big Ben is as if a young man, strong, indifferent, inconsiderate, swinging dumb-bells this way and that. The personification of the clock tower intentionally interrupting society, symbolises time itself which reigns impenetrably over everything. However, Woolf contrasts the strict measurement of exterior time , with the unrestrained nature of interior time. The characters have the ability to experience life within themselves, at a rate outside the controls of the clock. Clarissa embodies this characteristic by taking a mundane object, such as a roll of tweed, and relating it to her father[who] bought his suits [there] for fifty years. This use of non-linear structure and stream of consciousness conveys how each individual responds to an awareness of the dwindling of life. As Clarissa fear[s] time itself, she strives to comprehend her reality and the inescapable cessation of life, which is the presence of her Thanatos. † Later within the novel, Clarissas reaction to Septimuss suicide is positive. She feels glad at his decision, for â€Å"‘twere now to be most happy. Despite the initial jarring nature of her response, the audience is encouraged to understand death embrace[s] an individual whose happiness would be compromised continuing life. In this way we see how the incessant continuity of time presses upon an individuals awareness, so that they have a contemplation of mortality and modernist ideals. Time, as an inescapable presence, is similarly explored in Rhapsody on a Windy Night. As oppose to Big Ben measuring the passing of time, every streetlamp that [the speaker] pass[es] beats like a fatalistic drum. Again, personification is used to amplify the imposition of times continuity upon the individual. This imposition is made stronger through the idea that the streetlamps, which symbolise time, are the ones commanding the speakers actions. First to regard that woman, and regard the moon, until finally sleep, prepare for life. After which the speaker hails the last twist of the knife. The insinuation being that only in unconsciousness are we fully alive, relating back the Freudian concept of Thanatos, ones inbuilt instinctual drive towards death. In this way we can see how Rhapsody on a Windy Night, similarly to Mrs Dalloway, explores how the constant changing and passing of time, makes an individual aware of their own mortality within a Modernist construct. In conclusion, the Modernist period which is explored within Mrs Dalloway, by Woolf and Rhapsody on a Windy Night, by T. S. Eliot, deals with the primary condition of constant change. It explores change in terms of culture and society, and how those changes are not dealt with by the class system and urbanisation of society. And finally it deals with change in terms of the continuity of time and the presence of mortality.

Free Essays on Capability Maturity Model

Capability Maturity Model The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a widely accepted set of guidelines for developing high-performance software organizations. Different sources give different answers to where it was originally developed. Some say the CMM model was developed by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie-Mellon University and others credit it to Watts Humphrey and his colleagues at IBM. The CMM describes an evolutionary improvement path from an immature process to a mature, disciplined process. This model, although developed for software development, can be useful for the development of any type of new product as well. The CMM model is divided into five levels of maturity to describe the product development process. The five product development process levels of the CMM are: Initial Level (immature): The process is unpredictable and poorly controlled. At the initial level, an organization typically does not provide a stable environment for developing new products. When an organization is having problems with their management practices, the benefits of good product development practices are hurt by ineffective planning, reaction-driven commitment systems, process short-cuts and their associated risks, late involvement of key disciplines, and little focus on optimizing the product for its life cycle. The development process is unpredictable and unstable because the process is constantly changed or modified as the work progresses or varies from one project to another. Performance depends on the capabilities of individuals or teams and varies with their skills, knowledge, and motivations. Repeatable Level: Projects can repeat previously mastered tasks. At the repeatable level, there are established policies for managing a development project and procedures to implement the policies. Since the processes for development projects are established, it allows organizations to repeat successful practices develop... Free Essays on Capability Maturity Model Free Essays on Capability Maturity Model Capability Maturity Model The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a widely accepted set of guidelines for developing high-performance software organizations. Different sources give different answers to where it was originally developed. Some say the CMM model was developed by the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie-Mellon University and others credit it to Watts Humphrey and his colleagues at IBM. The CMM describes an evolutionary improvement path from an immature process to a mature, disciplined process. This model, although developed for software development, can be useful for the development of any type of new product as well. The CMM model is divided into five levels of maturity to describe the product development process. The five product development process levels of the CMM are: Initial Level (immature): The process is unpredictable and poorly controlled. At the initial level, an organization typically does not provide a stable environment for developing new products. When an organization is having problems with their management practices, the benefits of good product development practices are hurt by ineffective planning, reaction-driven commitment systems, process short-cuts and their associated risks, late involvement of key disciplines, and little focus on optimizing the product for its life cycle. The development process is unpredictable and unstable because the process is constantly changed or modified as the work progresses or varies from one project to another. Performance depends on the capabilities of individuals or teams and varies with their skills, knowledge, and motivations. Repeatable Level: Projects can repeat previously mastered tasks. At the repeatable level, there are established policies for managing a development project and procedures to implement the policies. Since the processes for development projects are established, it allows organizations to repeat successful practices develop...

The Pharmacistd and Workforce Planning Research Paper

The Pharmacistd and Workforce Planning - Research Paper Example The current statistics on pharmacy professionals in the use as per the AACP survey in fall 2014 stands at â€Å"6,334 full-time and  292 part-time pharmacy faculty members† (AACP, n.d.). According to the bureau of statistics, 2012 report showed pharmacists occupied 286,400 jobs in the US (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). In 2008, a report by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Task Force showed a demand for pharmacy faculty members to increase by 20% in the next decade and in 2009, it was reported that the demand for clinical pharmaceuticals was highest (Knapp, Manolakis, Webster, & Olsen, 2011). It is estimated that despite the high enrollment rate of Pharm D the shortage in pharmacists will continue to exist for many years (Knapp, Manolakis, Webster, & Olsen, 2011). Some reports a future influx in pharmacists as opposed to their growth in demand, current statistics in enrollment also show a trend where supply will exceed demand (Smith, Wertheimer, & Fincham, 2013). According to AACP, the future of pharmacy is bright, with an estimated over 157,000 demand for pharmacists by 2020. Their role in the healthcare industry is steadily expanding, with their role termed as a vital part in the effective delivery of healthcare (AACP, n.d.). New technology is continuously developed to assists pharmacists in making their task simpler, for example medical barcodes. Their salaries has also been associated with a growing trend with their current median pay according to labor statistics bureau being $116,670 annually, with high expectations in an increase with time (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). According to the International Pharmaceutical Federation (2012), there is an increased demand for health services including pharmacy services. Various contemporary issue faces the professions, which include job retention, workforce development, and migration. To growth in the profession, needs assessment as well as current trends in healthcare will

The critical factors influencing citizen infusion to e government web Dissertation

The critical factors influencing citizen infusion to e government web services - Dissertation Example ........................................................... 8 5.1.2.2 Government to Government (G2G) ..................................................................... 8 5.1.2.3 Government to Business (G2B)............................................................................ 8 5.1.2.4 Government to Employee (G2E)........................................................................... 8 5.1. 4. STAGE MODELS OF e GOVERNMENT................................................................. 9 5.1.5. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................. 12 5.2. TECHNOLOGY INFUSION................................................................ 13 5.2.1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 13 5.2.2. INFUSION CONCEPTAND MODELS...................................................................... 13 5.2.3. CRITICAL FACTORS THAT INFLU ENCING CITIZEN INFUSION................. 19 5.2.3.1. Environmental †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.............................................................................. 19 5.2.3.2. Individual †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...................................................................................... 21 5.2.3.3. Design †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............................................................................................22 5.2.4. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................. 23 6. RESEARCH MODEL............................................................. 24 REFERENCES............................................................................ 25 1 Introduction As a direct result of advances in Information and... This essay discusses that as a direct result of advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) through the internet, citizens have developed a whole new set of expectations regarding the methods and processes used in interacting with their respective governments. Following in the footsteps of the revolution in consumer purchasing that E-commerce established, e government (electronic government) has been stated by studies such as those by Dodd as the new wave of the future in public sector interaction between citizens and government offices for the next generation. e government can be described as the implementation of digital processes and technologies in order to increase efficiency, reliability and coverage of internal and external government services and information sharing to citizens while at the same time implementing a concept known as "lean governance" wherein wasteful spending, processes and methods of operation are in effect eliminated as a direct result of util izing e government procedures and systems. It is based on these perceived benefits that a large number of developed and developing countries around the world have begun to allocate resources towards e government programs and initiatives. In fact, as seen in the article "From e government to Connected Governance" a survey conducted by the United Nations in 2010 showed that 189 out of 192 member states were actually pushing through with a significant amount of e government initiatives.

Site Field Visit and Essay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Site Field Visit and Essay - Research Paper Example I had already witnessed the rituals of some other religions, and I was sure that experience inside the church would be much different from other worship places. I collected some preliminary knowledge about church and Christianity from my Christian friends. I also made a bit of internet research on the religion and the common rules to follow while visiting a church. From what Slick Matt describes in Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry website, Christianity is a religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. According to Christianity, God is ‘Trinity’ which includes Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Jesus Christ, the Son is the second person in trinity. Christianity believes that one can attain salvation and save oneself from righteous judgment of God only through the faith in Jesus. According to the Orthodox point of view, as described in the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America website by Conciliar Press, an orthodox church is the church founded by Jesus, and it is described in the New Testament. It is the church which could be traced back historically by all other Christian sections and churches. When visiting an orthodox church which is considered as the God’s house one should cross oneself and prepare for prayer. Everyone is supposed to be reserved and modest within the church, and must wear proper attires that suits God’s house. Women usually cover their heads and men do not wear any caps. Everyone stands in an orthodox church and there are separate sections for both men and women. But weak or old age people can make use of seats if they need. I visited the church on a Sunday morning with two of my orthodox Christian friends. As I reached the place, I saw the beautiful huge white church building with a golden dome on the top. Since it was a Sunday, there were several men and women who came for the Sunday observance. Church building is oriented west to east with the

Support and Care for Geriatric Issues

Support and Care for Geriatric Issues TASK I- Identify and critically analyse the kinds of support and access to community support services in Kindly Residential Care Rest Home clients with these types of geriatric problems may need. You are required to prepare a report for the next board meeting. Elderly patients who have degenerative diseases, specifically dementia, have the right to be involved with the decisions about their care, like for instance the medical interventions, nursing interventions, the kind and amount food that are given to them, the ambulation, the routine care, and the hospice care. When you ask for a consent to do examinations and medical interventions, you have to bare in mind that that the patient is able to manifest their ability to account the advantages and disadvantages of the decision. Whether or not an individual has the capacity to assimilate information , make a decision and accountable for the consequences of the decision is a clinical evaluation; it is not a question of legal capacity. Furthermore, persons with mild-to-moderate dementia are to make some decisions. They may be able to participate in decision making but impaired memory recall might preclude their ability to demonstrate that they understand the treatment options (Moye et al., 2004). Consequently, it is always better to discover the patient’s authentic wants, needs and preferences rather than to immediately resort to significant others or other teams to take over for decision making. Patients whose cognitive status is unclear or fluctuates need protection from two types of mistakes: first, mistakenly preventing capacitive patients from directing the course of their healthcare; second, failing to protect incapacitated patients from the harmful effects of their decisions (Sherry A. Greenberg, PhD(c) MSN, GNP-BC New York University College of Nursing, 2012). There is no criterion for capacity determination. A Folstein Mini-Mental Status Examination score below 19 or above 23 is one proposed means to differentiate those with capacity from those who lack capacity for healthcare decision making (Karlawish et al., 2005). The patient’s ability to appreciate the consequences of a decision is a highly valued standard of decision making among healthcare professionals (Volicer Ganzini, 2003). However, there are also support organizations in New Zealand that caters health services to elderly with dementia. There are actually a lot of these organizations but I chose only 5 of them. The organizations are as follow: Alzheimers New Zealand Incorporated One of the non-for-profit organizations is the Alzheimers New Zealand Incorporated. It has 21 Alzheimers member organisations throughout the New Zealand which provides support, datas, learning programmes and services applicable within their affiliate environment. They intend to give information and recommend high standards of teaching and instruction for people with dementia, their carers and families and health professionals. They also look forward to the needs of the people with dementia with regards to their careers through provision of national advocacy and they also raise government awareness over them. In addition, they provide support to all member organisations, and most of all they give importance to the Treaty of Waitangi by developing a working relationship with MÄ ori in the provision of dementia services. SuperGold Card The SuperGold Card is like an ATM card as you can see it physically. It is not inserted through any machine but instead, this card gives discounts and concessions for veterans in New Zealand as a recognition of their contribution to the society. The SuperGold Card offers fa range of businesses like when you buy something in grocery stores, pharmacies or any other departments. This card also gives a reduced price for government privilege including public transportation and discounted services from local agency. Deaf Aotearoa The path to and promotion of New Zealand sign language is the main focus of this organisation. They promote awareness to elderly with hearing disability on how to use the accepted and universal sign language for them to communicate to other individuals. Deaf Aotearoa also helps impose the rights of deaf people. They also give the people the self-esteem to be an functional part of the general public. Deaf Aotearoa, like Alzheimers New Zealand Incorporated, is also a non-for-profit organisation. They are the only provider of services to Deaf people and gives information on a class of services, including legal counsel, learning opportunities and employment concerns in New Zealand. Service coordination, employment consultancy, equipment services, community relations and transition programmes are Deaf Aotearoa’s primary services. They also cater access to information and services, encourages Deaf New Zealanders to follow favorable circumstance that will enhance their lives, be self-reliant and to follow their dreams, facilitates ongoing scholastic analysis and provides measure for local and national government. They also boost for a better pathway to opportunities and services. 4. Age Concern Age Concern is dedicated to help or encourage individuals especially elderly to a better health and well being, their rights, admiration and nobility for aged people. Through a domestic office and a nationwide system of connection of 35 Age Concerns, they provide an act of helpful activity, facts and agency to older people in response to their needs. Their vision is to value older people and live in a comprehensive environment. This means that golden-aged people should be treated equally and that they live a quality of life where everyone is whole and benefit abundantly from the fullness of life. Though New Zealand hasnt achieved this yet, but they are doing their very best by conducting meetings and gatherings in order to uplift the standards of their organisation, as well as resolving some issues in connection with them. 5. Nelson Grey Power Association Nelson Grey Power is a hallway organization encouraging to promote the felicity and healthfulness of those people who reached 50 years old and above. Grey Power are publicized as â€Å"the voice of the over 50s† and have prosperously implemented to enhance the drivers licensing process for the senior citizens even those who aged 50 years old and above. In addition, Grey Power has enormous impact and influence in the Country (New Zealand) due to the countless number of senior citizens population. On the other hand, there are also service provisions that gives services and assists the elderly with dementia. Like for instance, the hospitals, hospices, nursing homes, independent living and early intervention. Hospitals all around New Zealand does not only cater help and remedy to those who are in pain, injured and sick. They also specialise and assist on some disorders like those who experiences dementia and other degenerative diseases that occur during aging. They have what they called dementia unit inside the hospital where they are being took good care of by the healthcare providers. These healthcare providers include the medical doctors who specialise dementia, nurses, healthcare assistants, medical technology and caregivers; all who keep in touch in course of managing the patients condition. These multidisciplinary team work hard to lessen the symptoms felt by the patient as this, dementia, really progresses badly. They treat every patient wholly and equally in any walks of life. Other establishments that provide services to the elderly are those in the Hospice. From the word hospice, it literally means a place that provides care for people who are dying. This is an adjunct or supplementary care given to those people whose living days can be counted by the fingers. Hospice gives patients and their significant support and care from an multidisciplinary team that includes experts in end-of-life care. Hospice interdisciplinary team are learned enough about common signs and symptoms that may happen in patients with severe Alzheimers disease. Nursing home is the common house for elderly in New Zealand. Due to various and loads of work for the productive-aged individuals, they tend to send their loved ones (ages 60 and above) to such nursing homes. Elderly sent at nursing home dont mean they are unable to do their daily routine. They are able but they need assistance of another person. That help can be done by their significant others or they can hire a caregiver at home, but, the setting inside the nursing home is very therapeutic to elderly most especially if they need other companions in their lives. The Early Intervention Service medical team gives central nationwide buildup and appointment to Tairawhiti, Hawkes Bay, Whanganui, Tairawhiti, Whanganui, Wairarapa and MidCentral, as well providing the medical services for District health board (Kapiti ,Wellington and Porirura) and Hutt District Health Board. The Early Intervention Service is an ‘Early Intervention in Psychosis’ assistance. This means that they helping young people who is experiencing psychosis. They also provide a assistance to people from aged 13 to 25 who are going through psychosis for the first time, or who have not received any treatment for such condition. Independent Living Service in New Zealand promotes self-worth for elderly. With this service provsion, they are being taught how to do their daily routine with some assistance. It is important that they are still able to do the activities of daily living so that they will feel how the world will value them, and that the community sees how vital their roles are in the society. TASK II- Identify the impacts on the relationships between these stakeholders provide alternative measures to support, minimise or remove the identified negative impacts. â€Å"Dementia; a Cancer?† Not all what you knew is true and correct. You know what dementia is, but you dont know the whole thing about it. Yes! you heard it right. There many mythical or unclear beliefs about the disease that produced into a Stigma. The way you treat a person with Dementia is so poor. It seems like a person is dying because he/she is having a Cancer. But that shouldnt be that way. There are some certain things you need to know about the disease. Due to these negative opinions that brought about by these normal people, it created a bad, big impact to those who are affected by such condition. Such stigma impacts are as follows: a. Social isolation of the individual and their family People who are affected with dementia should not feel isolated. They should be kept in touch with their loved ones and the world, especially with the community. Let them feel their self-worth thru giving them reasons why should they have to live in this world. Show to them how world and the community needs them and that you have valued a lot their contributions to our progressive country. b. Assumption of automatic lost of independence Elderly with Dementia should be treated fairly. They are not incapacity to treat them like a child. You can assist them with their daily activities in life like changing clothes, taking a bath or performing their necessities. Do not do everything on your own because they are still able, especially those who are in mild dementia and moderate dementia category. You can even assist them during decision making and determine their options so that you will know where to intervene. The first thing you have to remember when making a decision is always their safety and security. Unable to make decisions about own care When you say dementia, it has three categories. The mild, moderate and severe dementia. Elderly with mild and moderate dementia are able to make their own decisions but they should be guided. They are also trainable but you should always have an eye for them in order to be safe. d. Dissatisfying interactions with the medical community As normal individuals we should always have to remember that we are the functional system in the community as well as any other area we are. As a productive ones, we should always give favor to those who are not. Like the elderly with dementia, they are ill but they are still conscious about the environment. They are having hard times understanding about something but you should always bare in mind that you are there to assist them. As a healthcare provider, it is in your responsibility to be therapeutic to your patients. So you should remain to be in that way. No matter how bad the experience may be, you should always have to give them chance to interact with you. e. Uncertainty of support services and treatments Dementia is not a cancer and there are certain assistance, support and treatments to those who are affected by it. The notion of bring hopeless situation to those who are affected by it are just a hearsay. Never ever believe on it. You have to read more about dementia and you can merely conclude the truth about the disease on your own. One day you will realize that the the things you knew your good at might be wrong. Reading is a good hobby, and a hobby will become an excellent habit. The best teacher is ourselves alone; learn it from your experience and relate it with your intelligence. Recommendation â€Å"Prevention is better than cure† I would like to recommend this work to everyone since having dementia can occur in an early stage of life. To prevent such disease, we should always bare in mind the things that we are doing right now, if these things can contribute to this degenerative diseases and how can we, as individuals, prevent these degenerative diseases. I specifically recommend this to the secondary students, because this is the stage in life where the act of bullying is more common. This is to help them prevent such act and will also help them understand what dementia is really all about, and if they happen to see elderly in the community who wanders every time, they wont be that surprised to see it in actual setting. On the other hand, I also would like to recommend my work to the adults so that they will be knowledgeable enough about the disease. We are also going through the same pathway as our elderly have been before, and they may be experiencing such degenerative disease in the future. I also would like this to be read by health professionals like the nurses, healthcare assistants down to caregivers who are working in an establishments where heaps of patients are affected by such condition. Conclusion Generally speaking, Dementia can happen to anyone. It doesnt choose people. Even rich people can be affected by such disease as we aged. We have to be mindful of the things around us. We all have to work hand in hand for our treasures (elderly) in life. The better way to make life harmonious to live is to accept and love more our grandmothers and grandfathers. We have to take good care of them and respect them as much as we respect ourselves, so that we will receive the same amount and may be more about the things we want to receive in the future, as we aged. Bibliography WHO (1990). Dementia: a public health priority. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/publications/dementia_report_2012/en/ Joan M. Erikson (1998). The Generational Link. The Life Cycle Completed Extended Version, pages 66-71 Alzheimers New Zealand (2012). What is Dementia?. Retrieved from http://www.alzheimers.org.nz/about-dementia/what-is-dementia

Josef Stalin :: essays research papers

Josef Stalin was born with the name Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili on December 21st, 1897 in. As a young boy he was nicknamed "Soso". He had a sickly childhood, with disease and poverty taking a toll on his life. He was the only child of his parents that lived past infancy. He had dark hair, yellow eyes, and a ruddy complexion and stood just 5 feet 4 inches. Stalin then went on to serve in the military, but his rise to power came after he ousted Leon Trotsky. Then Stalin began great purges where he would sweep through the people beneath him and kill anyone he suspected was not 100% loyal to him. Very few people beneath Stalin stayed there for long. Stalin then started several five-year plans. Soon the USSR was a superpower, and it was because Stalin brought them there. When the German armies attacked the USSR in June 1941, Stalin, after suffering a brief nervous collapse, personally took command of the Soviet armed forces. With the help of a small defense committee (war cabinet), he made all major military, political, and diplomatic decisions throughout the war. He pursued victory with increasing skill, determination, and courage, by staying on in the Kremlin when Hitler's armies stood at the gates of Moscow, ordering a fantastic shifting of industrial plants from European Russia to the east, arranging for lend-lease from the Western powers, selecting more and more first-rate military commanders, and developing increasingly effective military strategy, including the remarkable counteroffensives at Moscow, Stalingrad, and Kursk. He under girded the strength and morale of his people by fostering their traditional religious and patriotic sentiments, and conducting adroitly the complicated diplomacy from the Teheran conference to Potsdam. Of course, vi ctory could not have been achieved without the patriotism and fortitude of the Russian people, the quality and skill of the Soviet military professionals, the efforts of the USSR's allies, and the enormous political and military miscalculations of Hitler. In 1945, at the end of the war, there was a general expectation that in the USSR, which had shown itself to be one of the world's truly great powers, the despotic system of rule and institutional rigidities would disappear or at the least be tempered. Instead, Stalin and his men restored almost completely the pre-war system, molded the occupied countries of eastern Europe in the Stalinist image and placed them under Moscow's control, and entirely isolated the whole bloc of Communist nations from the West.

Certificate in Assessing Vocational Achievement Essay

Certificate in Assessing Vocational Achievement Assignment 3 Understanding the legal and good practice requirements in relation to assessments It is imperative for all assessors to have an in depth understanding of the legal and good practice requirements in relation to assessment. Furthermore, the Awarding Body have their own stipulations regarding assessment. These include; educational centres must ensure that they employ assessors that are suitably qualified and meet the occupational competency requirements of the sector assessment strategy and ensure that the assessment process is robust. Assessment carried out by an unqualified assessor must be countersigned by a qualified assessor who is occupationally competent. The assessment process should be informed by best practice and the latest NOS for Learning & Development. Centre assessors are responsible and accountable for: a) Â  managing the assessment system, assessment planning, making and recording assessment decisions b) Â  assessing evidence of learner competence against NOS and the requirements of the assessment criteria in the qualification c) Â  ensuring that learners’ evidence is valid, authentic and sufficient ) Â  maintaining accurate and verifiable learner assessment and achievement records. The assessment process should support learners towards the achievement of their qualification aim, whilst ensuring that the requirements of the NOS for assessment and the sector are met. Part of the role of the assessor is to raise the quality of assessment through: a) engaging learners at an early stage in t he assessment process b) Â  effective and efficient assessment of naturally occurring activity c) Â  holistic assessment to maximise assessment opportunities ) Â  using interim assessment to provide advice and support at an early opportunity e) Â  encouraging access through using the range of assessment methods f) Â  using technology to reduce the assessment and administrative burden Assessors should always be aware that assessment needs to be fair, consistent and transparent, with all students having the opportunity of attaining the assessment criteria. All learners should be treated as individuals to ensure that no learner is discriminated (directly or indirectly) against and to uphold a ‘fair playing field’ in respect that no learner has any advantage over another. In order to ensure this happens the assessor has a legal and moral obligation to share the same information to all learners, along with appropriate support and development of all learners in order for them to complete assessment tasks. Therefore, one additional aspect of assessment is an appeals procedure for candidates not happy with results. Assessment within NVQ is ongoing with the candidate fully participating in the assessment process, e. g. through assessment planning and reviews of performance. If this participation is taken seriously then it must be accepted that there will be times when the candidates and assessors perceptions, of whether agreed evidence (agreed during assessment planning/review stages) meets the standards, are going to be different. If this occurs, the candidate should have the right to appeal via an accessible and open system. The characteristics of our appeals structure related to NVQ will include: Access to fair and reliable assessment Clear and prompt response times Stages that provide all parties with the opportunity to put their case Clear outcomes Constructive feedback Be related to the Candidates assessment records A formal recording system Evaluation of appeals Response times to appeals will be measured in days rather than in months or years and not be so bureaucratic as effectively to nullify the purpose of having such a system. From a legal standpoint it is an Assessors remit to enforce strict guidelines with regards to the difference between guiding and supplying the learners with answers for assessment tasks. Legally, assessors cannot give assessment answers or condone learners copying each others learning and assessment material. As an NVQ Assessor I am aware of the duty of care encompassing the legislation and code of practice regarding the following: Health and Safety Act of 1974 Equal opportunities Act of 1974 Data protection act of 1998 Disability discrimination Risk Assessment Lone working The Health and Safety Act 1974 (HASAWA) places certain responsibilities on the employer, or in this case, the Assessor. The Assessor has to provide a safe working environment, provide information on health and safety, such as emergency exits and fire assembly points, and also undertake risk assessment of all hazards in the working/assessment environment. However, risk assessments are primarily the responsibility of the owner or manager of the facility. Moreover, all staff must be CRB checked in order to confirm that there is no risk whatsoever to the learner, in line with the Child Protection Act of 1984. Equal opportunity Act of 1974 also needs to be implemented, as was alluded to in the above paragraph, by adopting an inclusion policy and understanding that each learner will have specific and unique needs and that it is the job of the Assessor to differentiate tasks and lessons to meet these individual needs. For example, in my NVQ class I had a variety of needs from, learners with dyslexia, partial sighted and also with speech impediments. Therefore I made sure that I always used a variety of tools in which to teach and assess, such as, reading material in larger print, visual aids on the projector which explained what I was teaching and also electronic recording equipment (video and dictaphone) as another option for learners to utilise in learning and assessment. However, due care needs to be taken and strict adhesion to the Data Protection Act of 1998 in order for any material not to fall into the wrong hands. In terms of confidentiality regarding assessment all exams papers and any other marking material must not be shared with the learners before assessment in accordance with Award Body regulations. Assessment guidelines and assessment criteria can be shared as long as it is not providing answers that can be used by learners. This can be done by formulating individual action plans with learners, to highlight how learners can improve. Furthermore, all completed assessments must be located securely as to ensure no students can acquire papers or material and duplicate answers. In the case of my NVQ group all assessment material was locked away in head office and was only accessible to me and senior management. Senior management would have the final say if ever an event occurred in which a learners welfare was at risk and then safeguarding the learners welfare becomes the higher priority (Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act, 2006) The welfare of learners, whether that be my NVQ learners, school pupils or any other individuals in the community, is paramount and also a legal requirement. In the community that we serve there are many vulnerable individuals who’s safety can be at risk without any obvious signs, and also individuals with many kinds of underlying medical conditions which need to be considered by the assessor. During the first week of my NVQ class we had a ‘Protecting child welfare’ course in which we were taught how to identify warning signs of; abuse, depression and other mental health issues. Therefore, it is always of paramount importance that as an assessor you are vigilant and aware of all your learners behaviours at all times and if need be intervene and assess steps that may need to be taken. As far as the physical health related issues are concerned, we (NVQ class) used confidential pro-forma’s to identify any issues of individuals so that we could be prepared and have any relevant equipment close at hand and maybe also adapt sessions accordingly with respect to individual needs. Health questionnaires are in the award body regulations and can be found in the Health Related activity book. Technology can vastly improve the assessment process as it makes it a more dynamic process in which all learners have an opportunity to show their true understanding of the subject matter covered and their particular skill set. I also believe that it interlinks with fair assessment as no learner is at a disadvantage due to the fact they cant show their understanding in one medium. Therefore everybody has the same opportunity to display their knowledge. For example, a learner may have a great understanding of subject matter, yet may not be able to put their understanding down in words. Therefore, if they could be video recorded displaying their knowledge practically (with written consent from themselves or carers if pre 16 years of age) or audio recorded giving answers to questions they could be graded accurately and attain the optimum level of achievement. Another great advantage to the integration of technology is that it is relatively simple and easy to use, sometimes even more straight forward than traditional assessment, and brings a new exciting dimension to learning which in turn can inspire and motivate learners to achieve more. Some great wall displays have been produced and a good database full of information due to the integration of technology in class and assessment. Furthermore, greater feedback can be given as learners can see themselves in real time on video instead of trying to decipher pages of feedback. They can see exactly where they need to improve and develop in a very clear and concise manner. Another main area of concern regarding the principles and practices of assessment is equality and diversity (Equality Act, 2010). There are many issues which need to be taken into consideration regarding assessment with respect to equality and diversity. Individual needs, beliefs and cultures need to be respected and treated with the appropriate sensitivity. For example, in my NVQ class I had learner ‘O’. Learner O was of Muslim faith and was celebrating the festival of Eid, which requires followers to fast for a large part of the day for a month. During this month all learners were scheduled to perform their practical sessions and take part in other sessions. However, it would not have been ethical to expect learner O to take part in these sessions as he would be depleted of energy and could be at risk of negatively effecting his health. Therefore, special dispensation was afforded to learner O to take part in these sessions the following month. Furthermore, I was aware that concentration may decrease during this month. Other areas which need to be considered from equality and diversity prospective are; gender, race, sexual orientation and age (Disability and Equality Act, 2010). These factors give rise to a number of individual needs. Assessment needs to be age specific and be compared to relevant performance criteria, along with being written in age appropriate language as to not confuse or patronise learners. Moreover, topics covered need to ensure that no offense will be incurred by any party with regards to the above categories. For example I would not start a debate regarding the idea of male dominance in sport or peoples view of homosexuality. Another aspect of diversity in the assessment process may be a language barrier, especially in the case of my NVQ class who were predominantly from an ethnic background. There are ways to overcome such barriers. The use of an interpreter could be used for assessment (a dialogue being recorded and sent off) with the aid of assessment material converted into the required language. If one thing is abundantly clear in the nature of assessment, it is the need for individuals to constantly develop. Nobody has ever learned enough and there is always room for improvement. Therefore, this goes for the assessor themselves. It is imperative that assessors constantly monitor their own progress with self assessment, peer review, learner feedback and continued development of CPD’s. The act of reflective practice is the driving force that spearheads future development and evolves the assessment process by ascertaining what aspects work best, when, how and why. Furthermore, sharing this reflective practice with other assessors fosters an environment and situations which aid the effective use of assessment and help reach the goal of accurately and fairly assessing learner knowledge along with realising potential. Without reflective practice the assessor risks walking blindly down a ‘dark alley’ of assessment where they fail themselves, but more importantly fail the learner, which is wholly unacceptable. Effective planning also aids the reflective process, as you can see the amount of work covered and the result of certain class dynamics, i. e. group work, group size etc. This gives you a great visual format in which to adapt your future plans in order to maintain optimum, effective performance in sessions and assessment. Assessment will always carry some for of risk at some level. Perhaps one of the greatest risks posed in my NVQ group was the risk of injury and participant health & safety whilst taking part in a variety of sports. The best way to protect against the risks are to have effective planning in place with all relevant risk assessment completed, checking pitches for broken glass, making sure goals are anchored and equipment checks, along with alternative provisions incase your first plan of action cannot go ahead. Moreover, another challenge is not discriminating against any learners. This could involve taking all learning types into consideration to ensure that all learners understand what they have to carry out through agreement on the assessment action plan that the learner signs, so effective communication is extremely important, which means the assessor listening as giving input. Furthermore, clear guidelines on discipline are needed in order to prevent any hazards occurring and also to foster a safe, productive learning environment.

Women respected in Afghanistan essays

Women respected in Afghanistan essays WOMEN NEED TO BE RESPECTED IN AFGHANISTAN! Many women in Afghanistan are treated badly, and they dont have many rights. After the Taliban took control of Afghanistan, respect for women went downhill from there. They are treated like dirt and not respected, not the way they should be. Many girls dont go to primary school. Primary school is Elementary school; three percent of girls go to primary school, compared to the 39 percent of boys that go to primary school. (Greenwood 12) The average fertility rate in Afghanistan is 6.9 children per each childbearing woman, this is abnormally high for a country, and the US is much lower than that. It isnt per every family; it is per every woman, which means that out of 100 women there are probably around 650 children. Seven out of eight women have no access to getting contraception, meaning that they have no control over there fertility. There are many disorders in Afghanistan for women, but one of the major one is gynecological, which means that many women cannot have babies because t hey have some type of disease or problem, that messed up their fertility, that might have been prevented. Before the Civil war in Afghanistan many women had jobs, and some were even respected. (Facts) Once the civil war started the workplace became very hazardous for the women to work so they were not aloud to keep their job. Although some of them did keep their jobs. After the Taliban took over Afghanistan, women were banned from having jobs. Which meant that the women relied on the men to make money and pay for their children. Women were not allowed to participate in political activities. So a committee of 2020 women participated in Loys Jirga, it was a protest for women that the council organized. In 1964 and Afghani constitution was written which granted women franchise. In September 1996, the way the women were living in Afghanistan came to a halt, since the Taliban Militia t...

Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible” Essay Essay Example

Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Example Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† Essay Essay Unfair Justice Systems ; A comparing of the West Memphis Three and The CrucibleImagine posing at place one dark and holding constabulary officers show up at your hosiery and apprehension you for a offense you had no thought was committed. Three teenage male childs in West Memphis. Arkansas and over 39 characters in The Crucible went through precisely that. The West Memphis three is the test of three teenage male childs who were charged with killing two eight-year-old oys in the forests and taking a hatred group. The test portrayed in The Crucible are based on the existent life Salem Witch Trials. the accused in the drama were charged with witchery. Evidence in both instances was deficient and largely oculus witnessed. Both offenses committed were abstract and referred to as the Satans work. All accused in both tests were doomed from the beginning. In The Crucible to salvage oneself if accused 1 must squeal to something they didnt do and so name people that did make it. fundamentally if they wanted to populate thy had to lie and impeach other guiltless people. The West Memphis three had to travel through the tribunal system with corrupt people lying and no manner to turn out themselves guiltless. Arthur Miller portrayed the grounds in The Crucible as merely oculus witness histories and junior-grade concluding. such as the ability to forge a swoon. The characters that danced in the forests were considered dependable and what they said was all that was needed to convict the people of witchery. In the existent life histories of the West Memphis three. the grounds used against the adolescents were black Metallica shirts. the confession that didnt fit the incident. and equals that told the constabulary that they overheard one of the adolescents say they were traveling to kill two male childs. The equals narrative subsequently changed when under curse but the justice reffered back to the first narrative to assist convict the accused. In both instances the accusers could non counter argue the grounds because it was their word against the informants. Before the West Memphis trials the constabulary had a confession from all three teenage male childs. T was used against them in tribunal. The ground for the confession. some argue. is a status called Satanic Panic. Person who has Satanic Panic creates false memories that place themselves at the scene of the offense they were accused of. The offense usually is devil related. for illustration colza. thaumaturgy. and jujus are all known as the work of the Satan. Peoples who are diagnosed with Satanic Panic are usually besides diagnosed with Multiple Personality Disorder. The enchantresss in The Crucible were charged with harming others with thaumaturgy. They had to squeal themselves to maintain themselves from being hanged. This is an illustration of how Demonic Panic is described. When Mary Warren says. Its non a fast one! I-I used to conk because I-I thought I saw liquors. ( miller 47 ) she is depicting Hysteria. or Satanic Panic ; she created the liquors because the other misss saw t he. In The Crucible Hale. an expert in the country of witchery. played a big function in the courtroom. In the test of the adolescents there was a physician who was an expert in the country of stanic terror. Bing experts in such countries are difficult to turn out. the physician of demonic terror did non hold a grade or any cogent evidence that he studied such a topic. He simply stated that he has worked with patients claiming to make things because the Satan told them to. In the drama Hale merely forces people to squeal to salvage their lives. which is non the work of a physician but more of a inducer. Both work forces subsequently on reviewed the instance. the accused. and the grounds and wanted to salvage the guiltless people. Hale describes his alteration of sentiment by stating. Let you non misidentify your responsibility as I mistook my ain. ( miller 58 ) THey besides were unsuccessful. Both offenses are abstract. significance that there is no grounds attainable for a merely strong belief. but both offenses have serious effects. In The Crucible the people who denied being a enchantress were sentenced to be hanged. Two of the adolescents were sentenced to be hanged. Two of the adolescents were sentenced to life in prison and the last was sentenced to decease by injection. Is that just? The adolescents still had a full life in forepart of them but because they were used as whipping boies. it was cut short. Can you name a justness system that convicts people for such offenses merely? The 1994 instance of the West Memphis three and the 1953 play The Crucible have similarities. Abstract strong beliefs. false accusals. and unfair executings are all portion of both tests. Neither history is something to be proud of. nor should such times be repeated. When you look at such similar occures. which are separated by four decennaries. you begin to inquire if worlds truly learn from their errors. Jessie Misskelley. Damien Echols. and Jason Baldwin. the West Memphis three. are sitting in gaol ; they have been at that place for 5220 yearss and expecting their decease. Spreading cognition of this horrid instance and raising support could assist acquire them and appeal and salvage three guiltless people.

Personality Approach Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personality Approach - Research Paper Example Symptoms of schizophrenia as per the DSM IV include: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior and negative symptoms like affective flattening (DSM IV). Schizophrenia is a complex disorder. Patients suffering from schizophrenia lead chaotic lives, with little or no contact with reality. The biological approach The biological approach to psychology believes that behavior has some biological roots and part of human behavior is predetermined biologically. The supporters of biological approach claim that the functioning of a living organism can be explained and treated on basis of its biological structure and bio chemical composition (Weiten, 2007). Nature versus nurture has been an ancient debate among psychologists. The biological approach suggests that nature has a stronger role than nurture; which implies that behavior is determined by genes. With the decline of behaviorism, the belief that our environment can change us into anything is dying out and the biol ogical approach is meeting greater acceptance. The biological approach offers a threefold explanation of personality. First is the one by Eysenck, which maintains that individual differences in behavior of humans are based on physiological variations. Second explanation of personality as per the biological approach is that of temperaments. ... According to this view point, humans inherit behavioral traits from their ancestors and therefore react to situations like their ancestors did (Burger, 2008). Biological approach to schizophrenia Several twin and adoption studies have revealed genetic ties of schizophrenia. Twin studies are common in biopsychology since in case of twins who are not separated, the environment is usually the same, therefore any discrepancy among behavior of twins (especially monozygotic ones) can be attributed to genes (Burger, 2008). According to Gottesman (1991), cited in Myers (1992), adoption studies have confirmed a genetic link in schizophrenia. This is in accordance with Eysenck’s idea that the genetic makeup of humans actually determines the behavior. Etiology of schizophrenia other than ‘genetic’ includes hormonal imbalances in the brain and structural and biochemical abnormalities of brain. The Dopamine hypothesis has gained quite a lot of popularity in this regard. It pos its that schizophrenia is related to excess activity of neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. According to Andreasen and colleagues (1994), patients with schizophrenia have larger Cerebrospinal Fluid volumes as compared to healthy persons. The same findings were also confirmed by Staal and colleagues (2000). Schizophrenia runs in families and can be inherited (Alloy & Jacobson, 1999). This is in line with the evolutionary theory of personality as discussed in the previous section. Treating schizophrenia: the biological approach The biological approach offers various ways of treating Schizophrenia. Each one is discussed as follows: Anti Psychotic Drugs The most common and basic treatment for schizophrenia is via anti psychotic drugs. These are medications from a psycho active group and